After looking at The Grammar of Television and Film by Daniel Chandler Christina T and I studied and demonstrated the different angles or shots we knew with still pictures.
An Extra Long shot is used in cinematography to emphasize loneliness a vast majority of the time as a lack of other characters and the attention to the background can really help lead into other shots while building that emotional distance. In contrast, an Extra Long shot with a lot of characters within it can help the audience understand a close tie between the group displayed.
A Medium Long shot however is typically used for tense conversation as the audience can watch the body language of both actors, such as a scene between a doctor and their patient's loved ones, the shot technically focuses more on the person but still showcases the background.
A balance between Long and Closeup, Medium shots are typically from the waist up and find a happy compromise between focus on the character and depicting the background for context. These are normally used for commercials or comedic effect as a character addresses an audience.
A Close Up Shot is used for reactions in film and TV, on occasion this will feature another character's shoulder in a Hollywood style of editing called Continuity Editing. This entirely focuses on the actor while still giving a little bit of the background. Close up shots can be from the chest up, chin up or even specifically focusing on the eyes or mouth of the character.
A Medium Close Up is also ideal for reaction shots (as seen by my laughing at Christina's joke), This is usually from the shoulders up and gives the audience a huge chunk of background to view as well as the actor them self in a 5:1 ratio.
You have made a sound start on research into camera shot types.
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